Worker Safety Issue from Fast Food Nation Essays

Worker Safety Issue from Fast Food Nation Essays Worker Safety Issue from Fast Food Nation Essay Worker Safety Issue from Fast Food Nation Essay The purpose of writing this essay is to highlight the worker safety issues from Fast Food Nation. The problem basically is worker safety that is put to stake because of the dangers the workers have to face while they are made to do the work. This is the basic problem that has been identified that the workers have to face and certain remedies to these problem are also suggested in the later paragraphs. The worker safety issues are alarming and it is necessary that the employers must take steps to take care of such issues. The fast food industry has activated homogenization of our society and has also hastened the scenario by further creating a gap between the rich and the poor people and fast food have now become very popular for the American people. However, there are some unrecognized truths that have to be taken into consideration. The fast food nation has basically changed the culture of America and the way the people eat.[1] The socioeconomic effects  of the  fast food industry are diverse and the industry is dependent on the federal money i.e. it takes SBA loans in order to run the franchises and to run the fast food business. The assembly line  methods of  fast food production  actually worked their way into  large-scale agribusiness. The beef factories are irregular in size and it is hard to automate the cattle just in the way the poultry and other things required in the fast food business are being manufactured. The places where this takes place are horrible and businessmen mostly employee illiterate workers who are made to work for long hours and get a very low pay.[2] Moreover, the conditions in which they are made to work are pathetic and unhygienic that can be a very big threat to the human life. In order to prevent this, it is essential that the businessmen must take steps and for this just an incremental cost is required. Following these lines, now however the American slaughterhouse has improved a lot more than before as the standards have been improved and the workers are safer than before. Furthermore, I would also like to add that the real cost of the fast food is not actually measured in terms of purchase but the cost of the workers is also included. The reason for writing this paper is not that I am anti-fast food but it is to highlight that fact that though some of the fast food giants produce high-quality food at comparable prices to the other  chains, they must also put value in their  workers   as well as the food supply instead of trying to grab even the last bit of profits. â€Å"Fast food is served everywhere. Be it restaurants, trains, airplanes or cruise ships. It has been reported that the Americans spent around $6 billion in 1970 on fast food and the amount further increased to $110 billion in 2001. It has also been reported that the Americans spent more money on fast food than on the other expenses such as higher education or other luxuries. They spend more on fast food than on movies, magazines, newspapers,  videos, and  recorded music   combined.[3]Therefore, the nation’s most prized tradition is the fast food. As the fast food industry has progressed from a stand owned stall to giant corporations, the demand for the workers has also increased. In the following paragraphs I have referred to some of the articles and have given some of the examples of worker safety issues prevailing in the fast food market. The first is about the robberies. This article talks about the pizza delivery boys in Bethlehem who had to encounter robberies. The article tells that the pizza boys were robbed during the hours of work and were also punched down and thrown on the ground, the suspects however fought among themselves for both cash and pizza. Both the robberies took place with two different pizza boys working for two different pizza eateries. The first victim worked for Domino’s Pizza and was robbed by three men who took pizzas and a heated delivery box and this robbery took place before 6:00pm and took place on Morton Street. However, the other robbery took place at around 8:30pm and at Hilton Street. The other pizza boy who was robbed was working for Papa Johns in a way that he was called to the home to deliver two pizzas from.[4] According to another article, the wage rates of McDonalds are inappropriate and they have been criticized in this. This criticism was done by the members of the Service Employees International Union in the New Orleans and their basic theme was to criticize the low wages. This was called to be a nationwide campaign in which the members were to talk to the workers as well as the consumers about McDonalds wages. Furthermore, the article also reveals that McDonalds is against the Employee Free Choice Act. This Act is basically a legislation that gives American workers the opportunity to have better pay, benefits and working conditions. Moreover, the president of SEIU also said that the American workers dont have the buying power. Therefore, there is a need to drive the economy in part because companies like McDonalds are giving CEOs windfalls while workers struggle to afford items on the Dollar Menu.’ America’s workers struggle to pay even their bills, however the CEO’s get huge bonuses yearly. The article also said that a national campaign would be run in which they would distribute leaflets at McDonalds location nationwide that were more than around one hundred outlets. The third article is about the workers who have opened franchises with buyouts. Mark Bergman, who used to work for Ford Motor Co.s sales and marketing department, actually dreamt of pizza and accepted a buyout offer from Ford in 2007 in order to fulfill his dream. He actually wanted to open a franchise of Little Caesars and so he opened a store in Atlanta and although there has been a recent turmoil, he did not worry about that and opened a third pizza outlet and just like Bergman many people invest their money in buying franchises.[5] It is believed that franchising is a way to invest in something that can be controlled and the more you invest the more you get but the credit squeeze makes things tougher and as reported by Domino’s Pizza chairman and CEO David Brandon, the global credit crunch is forcing some Dominos Pizza franchise owners out of business mainly because the banks are cutting off loans. Moreover, the costs of franchising are high and the franchise owners have to face a lot of challenges. The work is not done once the franchise is set up. However, there are long hours of work involved in this business. In 2003- 2007 around 75000 jobs have been cut. Although lots of people inquire Dominos Pizza about the Big Three, however less than 20 percent actually show genuine interest in it as this is not an easy business. Constructing an outlet requires at least 14 months and the net worth required to be proved is $250,000 and $75,000 in liquid capital. Other than this, there is actually no guarantee of success and so caution is necessary. It is not always necessary that of the parent company is doing well, so would the franchise.[6] Another article talks about exploitation of workers done by some of the some  fast-food  chains. A US Senate hearing that took place in April in Florida focused the working conditions of the farm workers and some of the very famous fast food brands such as McDonalds and Yum Brands, which includes Pizza Hut, KFC, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silvers, agreed to pay the 1-cent increase. Other than this, there was Burger King and Subway also agreed to the proposal but at 1.5 cents per pound and they guaranteed to keep some for their workers. The treatment being given to the farm workers is very bad especially tee tomato pickers who have been earning the same amount for picking up a bucket of tomatoes i.e. 45 cents and this amount has not been modified since 1978 even though the worth of the tomato crop in Florida is worth $619-million annually. Moreover, they workers work seven days a week and work for 10- 12 hours with no overtime pay and no benefits such as sick leave or job security at all. Moreover, they have to face violence and live in pathetic living conditions.[7] Majority of the workers earn less than $10,000 a year and pay relief is one of the most important factor that can make things better for the tomato pickers. For this, the CIW has persuaded the fast food industry to pay one more cent per pound to help the workers and this effort has been successful as they have even used the strategy of applying a fine to those who do not pay this extra amount. CIW also hopes that the new president, Barack Obama will also support this cause that was basically to take care of the human rights of the workers working for the fast food industry and to avoid exploitation.[8] People who eat fast food must be aware of the fact related to the fast food industry and should then take their own decisions whether they must support the industry or not taking care of the status of the industry in the current scenario.

The Complete Prep Guide for SAT Writing Grammar, Strategies, and Practice

The Complete Prep Guide for SAT Writing Grammar, Strategies, and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips This complete guide includes everything you need to know about SAT Writing.As experienced tutors, we’re all too familiar with the shortcomings of most test-prep materials, so we've created our own free guide to SAT Writing,which we believe is the best available (even compared to expensive books from big-name companies!). To create this guide, we carefully analyzed real SATs, read the best SAT books we could find, and thought carefully about what you actually need to know to succeed on SAT Writing.Rather than trying to condense all the info we came up with into one page (which would be insanely overwhelming!), we’ve created this article to serve as a table of contents and take you through the different parts of the SAT Writing section. The first part of our guide covershigh-level ideas about the test,such as general structure and important big-picture concepts. The second part outlinesevery grammar skill you’ll need to knowand the best strategies for approaching SAT Writing questions. The final section rounds upall kinds of strategies and tipsthat you can use both on the test and as you study. It also includes detailed explanations of how to plan your prep time, and suggestions for where you can find further practice tests and study material, should you need them. How you use this information will depend on what you’re hoping to get out of it. This guide is designed to work as a complete walkthrough of the SAT Writing section,the same as you would find in a test-prep book- simply read through each guide and practice the skills they explain. If, however, you’re only looking to brush up on specific topics or find some helpful tips for test day, just scroll through this page to find what you need! High-Level Guidance for SAT Writing One of the key ideas you must understand about the SAT is that it's completely different from the tests you take in school.SAT Writing might test some of the same grammar rules that you've learned in the past, but it does so in its own unique way. In order to do well on SAT Writing, you need to understand how it's structured. These guides will help you do so. What Is SAT Writing and Language? 5 Tips to Excel What’s Tested on the SAT Writing Section? Grammar and Questions The first step to succeeding on SAT Writing is knowing what’s on it. These two guides outline all the basics, including how the SAT Writing section is formatted, what kinds of reading passages it has, and which grammar rules it tests. What Is SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing? On the SAT, Writing makes up half of your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) score (the other half is the Reading section). This guide goes over how the two sections are scored together, and gives you a few tips on how to excel on both of them. The New SAT Writing: What's Changing? The SAT underwent a big redesign back in 2016, which included a makeover to the SAT Writing section. If you're curious about how the current Writing structure differs from the old one, check out this guide. The Best Way to Read the SAT Writing Passages Since all SAT Writing questions are based on passages, it's important to be able toread passages both fast and effectively. We explain the best ways to approach passages on SAT Writing so that you'll save time and give yourself a better shot at choosing the right answers. The 12 SAT Grammar Rules You Must Know The main point of the SAT Writing section is to test your understanding of English grammar. Read this guide to learn the 12 most important grammar rules likely to appear on test day. Words in Context: Key SAT Reading and Writing Strategies This question type (and subscore) on SAT Writing asks you to improve word choice and syntax in sentences selected from passages. Use this guide to learn how often you can expect to see these questions on the test and the best way to approach them. Command of Evidence: 3 Key SAT Writing Strategies Another subscore on SAT Writing is Command of Evidence. These questions deal with choosing evidence to support your answers and making sure the answers you select accurately reflect the information in the passage. Organization Questions on SAT Writing: Tips and Tricks These Writing questions ask you where to place a certain sentence or paragraph in a passage. But knowing where a certain sentence fits can be difficult. This guide covers how to recognize these questions and offers a step-by-step approach you can use on the test. Add/Delete Questions on SAT Writing: 6 Steps to Answer With these questions, you must figure out whether to add or delete a sentence from a passage. This article touches on what these questions look like on the SAT and gives clear guidance on how to solve them. How Often Is "No Error" Correct on SAT Writing? The "No Error" option is a source of stress for many students. Make sure you know how frequently you can expect it be the right answer on SAT Writing. SAT Writing Grammar and Punctuation Skills Don't fall into the trap of thinking you can just listen for the errors because you speak English, after all. SAT Writing tests specific grammar and punctuation topics in specific ways, and you need to know them to do well on the test. We've written guides for each topic on the test (listed roughly in order of their importance). The Complete Guide to SAT Grammar Rules Above, we gave you a link to our guide on the 12 most important grammar rules- but these aren't all the grammar rules you'll see on the test. This guide summarizes every possible grammatical structure you can get on SAT Writing. SAT Punctuation: Tips for Commas, Colons, and Dashes In addition to grammar, punctuation plays a major part on SAT Writing. Read this guide to learn all the most important comma, colon, and dashes rules you'll need to know, as well as how to spot them on the test. Possessives and Apostrophes on SAT Writing: 4 Key Tips Aside from commas, colons, and dashes, you'll need to know how to use apostrophes correctly if you wish to get a high score on SAT Writing. This guide expands on the punctuation one above by specifically going over how to identify apostrophe problems on the test. Complete Parts of Speech for SAT Writing SAT Writing doesn’t explicitly ask you to identify parts of speech, but you’ll need to know the grammatical basics in this article in order to understand the rest of our skill guides. Start here to begin building your foundation in grammar. SAT Writing: Word Choice and Diction Errors Diction questions, which deal withpickingthe right word for a given context,pop up often on SAT Writing. These questions are tricky because the exact words they test vary. Transition Questions on SAT Writing: Tips and Examples Remember how your teacher used to tell you to use transitions to connect different ideas? Well, the same basic principle applies to the SAT. These questions require you to choose the correct transitional word (such as "therefore," "however," etc.). Take a look at this guide to learn what kinds of transition-related words and questions will be on the test. Sentence Fragments and Run-ons in SAT Writing: Tips and Questions Fragments and run-on sentencesappear a loton the SAT Writing section.Learn the telltale signs of these types of errors with this guide. Wordiness and Redundancy in SAT Writing Questions One of the key rules is that given more than one grammatically correct answer,the right answer will likely be the most concise one.Make sure you know what this means in the context of SAT Writing. Verb Tenses and Forms on SAT Writing Verb issues in general, and verb forms specifically, are also tested on SAT Writing. It’s especially important to make sure you understand how to use gerunds (â€Å"ing† verbs such as â€Å"jumping† and â€Å"celebrating†). Subject-Verb Agreement on SAT Writing: Strategies and Practice The other type of verb error is subject-verb agreement issues, which occur when the subject is plural but the verb is singular, or vice versa (e.g., â€Å"he talk† or â€Å"they is yelling†). This guide walks you through the different ways this error can appear on the test, many of which you might not expect. Pronoun Agreement on SAT Writing: Tips and Practice Pronoun errors come in a few different forms, but, generally, they occur when you use a pronoun that doesn’t match the noun it’s referring to, such as in the sentence "The doctor couldn’t believe their cooking class was canceled" ("their" should be "his" or "her"). Pronoun errors can be among the hardest to spot because we routinely misuse pronouns in everyday English. Pronoun Case on SAT Writing: Tips and Practice Questions Pronoun-case questions, which deal with the difference between subject (â€Å"I†) and object (â€Å"me†) pronouns, appear less often on SAT Writing than pronoun-agreement ones do. Nonetheless, it’s important to know how to answer these questions, especially if you want a high score. Parallelism for SAT Writing: Tips and Practice Parallel structure questions require you to recognize that all the words or phrases in a list need to be in the same form.Though they aren’t the most common topic on SAT Writing, they’re still important to know. Faulty Modifiers on SAT Writing: Grammar Rule Prep Faulty modifiers, which include both danglingmodifiersand the less common misplaced one, occur when a modifying word or phrase is placed in the wrong part of a sentence. They are one of the trickiest topics on SAT Writing because we often make these mistakes when we speak and write. All the SAT Idioms You Need: Complete List Idioms can be a couple of different types of phrases (including common sayings such as "one step forward, two step backs"). But on SAT Writing, the term refers to questions about consistent preposition, conjunction, and gerund use (e.g., "I’m excited to go to Disneyland† rather than â€Å"I’m excited going at Disneyland"). Illogical Comparisons: The Weirdest Topic on SAT Writing Faulty comparisons are another weird error you might not be familiar with. They occur when you compare two things that aren’t of the same type, such as â€Å"Juan’s favorite band† and â€Å"Tim.† Adjectives vs Adverbs in SAT Writing: Practice + Tips Occasionally on SAT Writing, you’ll see an adverb (e.g., â€Å"sadly†) used where an adjective (e.g., â€Å"sad†) is needed, or vice versa. This guide explains how to spot these errors as well as those with superlatives and comparatives. Relative Pronouns Questions specifically about relative pronouns (who, which, where, etc.) aren't super common, but these words play important roles in other types of questions. Make sure you understand how to use them correctly. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Building an SAT Writing Study Plan Now that you've got a basic understanding of the test, you probably want to start doing some SAT Writing practice. Great! The guides in this section will help you understand how to make your SAT Writing prep as efficient and effective as possible. SAT Writing Prep: The Best Methods and Strategies If you’re studying for the SAT independently, it can be hard to figure out how to best organize your SAT Writing prep. This guide lays out everything you must know to study effectively on your own. Where to Find the Best SAT Writing Practice Tests Complete Official SAT Practice Tests, Free Links All the prep time in the world won’t do you any good if you’re using bad materials. We’ve collected all the best SAT Writing practice tests, for free and for sale, and explained what qualities to look for and what to avoid in practice materials. You can also practice with any official SAT practice test. The Best Prep Books for SAT Writing Best SAT Prep Books 2018 If you’re looking for further reading on grammar rules or how to read passages, these two guides have got you covered. We’ve reviewed the best SAT prep books out there, for both the Writing section in particular and the test as a whole. Use these books to guide your study sessions. SAT Writing Tips and Tricks In this section, I've collected all our best test-day tips and general advice to help you ace SAT Writing.Read these to understand how best to approach questions on this section, and get advice on how to attack tricky questions and how to navigate the unique structure of the test. The Top 9 SAT Writing Strategies You Must Use This article rounds up key big-picture strategies for studying SAT Writing. For the best results, be sure to incorporate them into your practice. How to Improve Your SAT Writing Score: 8 Key Strategies If you’re struggling with a low score, this guide can help. Here, a perfect SAT scorer offers histop eight strategiesfor raising a low SAT Writing score closer to (or even beyond) the 600 (30) range. How to Get 800 on SAT Writing: 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer Aiming for a super high Writing score? This guide, written by a 1600 scorer, explains thetop nine strategiesyou need for a perfect score on SAT Writing. You'll also learnhelpful tips for keeping yourself motivated and focused. The 8 Most Common SAT Writing Mistakes Students Make There are a few mistakes that routinely bring down students’ SAT Writing scores. Make sure you know how to avoid them with this guide. The Top 7 SAT Writing Tips to Boost Your Score These suggestions can help raise your SAT Writing score even if you’re taking the test tomorrow, but they’ll be even more helpful if you use them every time you practice. How to Analyze Data Graphics on SAT Reading and Writing On SAT Writing, you're guaranteed to see at least one data chart; thus, it's extremely important to be able to read charts and other data graphics. This guide tells you how to do just that on both the Reading and Writing sections. How to Ace SAT Writing for Math and Science People If grammar and punctuation aren't your fortes, you'll need to come up with a different approach to SAT Writing. This guide, which specifically targets math and science whizzes, offerstons of helpful tipsfor attacking the Writing section head-on and getting the score you want. The 12 Hardest SAT Writing Questions Ever This article explains the answers to some of the hardest SAT Writing questions. If you’re shooting for a score below 700 on EBRW, you will likely want to skip these types of questions. But if you’re aiming for a high score, make sure you know how to attack even the most challenging questions. What's Next? You hopefully have a good idea what your next step should be: practice!Reading about the SAT can only teach you so much. To really understand SAT Writing, you have try out these strategies and tips on a real test. Before you go over your practice test, make sure you know how to review missed questions. The fastestway to improve is tolearn from your mistakes. This guide includeseverything you need to build an effectiveSAT Writing program for yourself, but if you're feeling overwhelmed by the idea of doing it all on your own,consider giving our prep program a try.Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, our online SAT program learns all your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and then customizes your program to your needs to give youthe most effective prep possible. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

John Locke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John Locke - Essay Example After graduating from this school, in 1652, he started attending Oxford University. It was here that he got his formal knowledge of Latin, logic and metaphysics. Though he completed his BA from the Oxford University in 1656, he did not leave the school. He started teaching at the hallowed institution for a span of 3-4 years, first as a lecturer of Greek and from 1658, the year Oliver Cromwell died and the unrest began that was to lead to the Restoration of the King in 1660, onwards as a lecturer of rhetoric. In 1663, Locke decided to pursue medicine and gave up his profession as a teacher. What is interesting to note is the fact that although he completed a philosophical education at Oxford, Locke declined the offer of a permanent academic position in order to avoid committing himself to a religious order. It was during this time of Locke's life, when the ideas of Robert Boyle and Descartes started to have an impact on him and he began to apply their theories to his philosophical und erstandings and treatises. It was during the same time, that Locke met one of his most important friends, Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper (who would later adopt the title of Earl of Shaftsbury physician become one of the Lord Proprietors of the Carolina Colonies.). Lord Ashley employed Locke as his personal physician but very soon, Locke would go on to serve him as a secretary, political researcher, and political advisor. It was by his a It was by his association with Lord Ashley that Locke was connected to Charles II, the King of England. When Charles II formed a colony in America, he gave Locke the duty of writing up a constitution. Later on, this constitution, more famously known as the Carolina Constitution and would be used by America's Founding Fathers as a model for their Constitution. In the year of 1674, Lord Ashley got involved in a conspiracy against Charles II's brother. Though Locke was in France then due to health reasons, even he was accused of being one of the co-conspirators. Even after Locke returned to England after five years, he was forced to flee to Holland in 1683, one year after the death of Lord Ashley. Though many term this to be a self-imposed exile, it cannot be refuted that Locke's life was seriously in danger. During his stay in Holland, Locke formed friendship with many other exiled English revolutionaries who were biding their time to topple the English government. Finally, in the Glor ious Revolution of 1688, the English revolutionaries led by the William of Orange toppled the government and Princess Mary donned the crown. Locke was made the Comissionary of Appeal in 1689 and published a "Letter Concerning Toleration". In 1690, he authored the controversial papers "Two Treatise of Government" and "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding". He wrote large works about the economy and in 1692, he assisted in restoring the board of trade where he served as an influential member until 1700. His book "Some Thoughts Concerning Education" was published in 1693. In 1704, he passed away in his residence in Oates of Essey where he had lived since 1691. The fundamental ideas of Locke's philosophy are presented in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). According to Locke all our ideas be it simple or complex, are derived from experience. The consequence of this empiricist approach means that the scope of knowledge gets acutely limited in its dimension. However, Locke tried to overcome this lack by suggesting that a proper application of our cognitive

Education by computer - a better way Research Paper

Education by computer - a better way - Research Paper Example Utilizing computer-mediated communication provides solutions to evaluate the above mentioned issues by creating an interactive forum. The use of computers by students and teachers can achieve higher levels of insight when sharing resources at a personalized level such as computers. This is in cases where teachers offer students learning problems, and using computer mediated communication, students can brainstorm via peer apprenticeship learning (Soong 596). Computers in the education environment, as mentioned above, can also be used to back up lessons and brainstorming sessions for purposes of later use where they can be printed out, and teachers can view the thought process of their students. It is through this means that a teacher can understand the struggles of students in the subject areas they are involved. As a result, computers in education provide rich information in co-construction of knowledge and negotiations between them, as well, this way, hidden meta-cognitive activitie s, are exposed for mediation purposes by the teacher and curriculum developers. In addition, computers eliminate the barrier of overt observation and student feedback to correct mistakes. This is through advanced interception of learning and other issues they may be facing difficulties before students as earlier stated, air them. With this in mind, sharing information and collaboration between multiple students is eased rather than before the use of computers. This is because with computer-mediated communication, top students can help those with difficulties easily and without consuming much time. Computers in education can improve learning through the concept of virtualization, where it helps in budgeting school resources. This is concerning the use of multiple computers at the same time, meaning that schools have plenty of hardware to the extent that some of it gets obsolete. In this case, schools are faced with the dilemma of discarding the older computers for new ones or buying new hardware altogether. The concept of virtualization comes in handy by providing an opportunity where the school’s budget can be saved for more important aspects of education (IBM 8). This is done through reusing the old computers for the same purpose only that this time they will only be used to access virtual servers for the same information they would have on their own computers. Purchasing computers is en expensive affair, but vitalizing old hardware allows schools to spend less on computers and get the same level of productivity as having new hardware. The concept of virtualization works hand in hand with long distance education. This is through facilitation of effective information presentation through applications such as PowerPoints and animation programs. Through these, lecturers have an easier task delivering content to students to students, as well as giving lectures. This is because; they facilitate audio-visual representation of information, which make the lear ning process interactive, interesting and fun for both students and teachers. This is especially the case when it comes to saving time and effort utilized in preparation and delivery of a single lesson. Moreover, time spent is reduced, as students do not need to make as many notes as presented by the teacher because; the same content is easily available to the students for

Aspects of Materiality: A Continuing Education Report Essay -- Account

Introduction The concept of materiality provides a topic for continuing educational discussion that many firms across the country find essential to the development of their audit staff. Measuring and using materiality to obtain desired results during an audit becomes the responsibility of the staff member of a CPA firm. Partners and managers of a firm typically allow the staff member to use his/her judgment when applying this concept during the fieldwork of an audit. The overall success of an audit relies at least in part on the materiality concept; therefore, staff members’ continuing education on the concept becomes important and necessary. This report will define the term materiality, determine how to measure materiality, and explain the importance of the concept to the field of auditing. Defining Materiality The utilization of the concept of materiality in auditing dates many years. Varying definitions of materiality during the preliminary stages of utilization prove that auditors recognized a need for this concept but did not have a standard for defining the term. The recognition by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) of the need for this concept prompted a decision to determine a universally recognized definition of materiality. In the book, Auditing Concepts for a Changing Environment, the FASB defines materiality as, â€Å"the magnitude of an omission or misstatement of accounting information that, in light of surrounding circumstances, makes it probable that the judgment of a reasonable person relying on the information would have been changed or influenced by the omission or misstatement† (Rittenberg and Schwieger 2001, 92). In essence, the concept helps auditors determine the financial information that... ...ff must understand the definition of the concept, determine the process for measuring materiality, and have a concrete understand of the importance of the concept when auditing a company’s financial statements. Works Cited Rittenberg, Larry E., and Bradley J. Schwieger. Auditing Concepts for a Changing Environment, 3rd ed. Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. Sauer, Richard C., â€Å"The Erosion of the Materiality Standard in the Enforcement of the Federal Securities Laws.† Business Lawyer 62, no. 2 (February 2007): 317-357. Gordeeva, Mayya, â€Å"Materiality in Accounting.† Economics and Management 16, 2011: 41-47. Messier, William F., Jr., Nonna Martinov-Bennie and Aasmund Eilifsen. â€Å"A Review and Integration of Empirical Research on Materiality: Two Decades Later.† Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 24, no. 2 (November 2005): 153-187.

Benefits of Trees

Produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxideTrees are necessary for our survival. Through photosynthesis trees produce the gas that we cannot live without: oxygen (O2). As we breathe in, our bodies take in oxygen and when we breathe out, we release carbon dioxide (CO2). Trees do the opposite. They take in CO2 and release O2. This cleans the air by removing harmful CO2 so that people and animals can breathe.Moderate temperature and rainfallTrees help cool the earth’s tempearature.Trees are like natural air conditioners and water pumps. They cool the earth by giving shade and recycling water. By cooling the air and ground around them, the shade from trees helps cool the earth’s temperature overall. Trees also help moderate the earth’s rainfall, which also helps keep the temperature cooler. If you are at the beach and you come out of the water in a wet bathing suit and lay in the sun, the sun’s heat removes the water from your bathing suit and soon you are dry. T his is called evaporation: when water is removed by heat. Forests help to make sure we get rain. Trees absorb a lot of water from the soil for nourishment. Later, when the sun shines on the trees, water is released from the leaves and absorbed back into the atmosphere – just like the water is absorbed from our bathing suits. When the sun’s energy removes water from the earth’s surface, the water collects into clouds, and when the clouds are heavy with water they release rain back to the earth. Provide food, medicine, shelter and warmthCork used in a cork-board.Every day we use or eat something that has come from a tree. Think about the paper we write on, the pencils we use and the furniture we sit on – they all came from trees. The uses of wood are virtually endless. In addition to being processed into products, trees are also cut down so their wood can be used as fuel to cook food and heat homes. But we don’t always have to cut down a tree to be a ble to make something from it. The rubber that you find on soles of your shoes is made from sap that comes from a type of tree found in Brazil, India, China and Southeast Asia. Cork is the bark of the evergreen cork oak found in the Mediterranean region. Cork has the ability to contract when squeezed and then expand back out again. The evergreen cork  oak is one of the few trees that does not die when its bark is removed.Coconuts on a palm tree.What about the things we eat? How many different fruits or nuts can you think of that come from trees? What about the maple syrup we like to eat on our pancakes? Sap is tapped from the sugar maple to make maple syrup. And did you know that cinnamon comes from the bark of a tree that grows in India?Willow away the pain! The active ingredient in acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) originally came from the bark of a willow tree. There are also many plants that have life-saving properties. About $30 billion is spent every year in Canada on prescript ion and non-prescription drugs that contain active ingredients that come from forests. Illnesses such as malaria, hypertension, heart disease and cancer are all treated with medicines made in part from plants. Support biodiversityForests are communities full of organisms that depend on each other for survival. We call these communities ecosystems. All parts of a forest ecosystem and the interactions between them are needed for the health and well-being of all. Forests offer food, water, shelter and protection for an incredible array of wildlife. The term â€Å"biodiversity† is used to describe the variety of life. This variety is what an ecosystem depends on. It is helpful to think of an ecosystem as a woven carpet; if you pull on a loose thread, it might only affect the thread and those closest to it or it might unravel the whole carpet. Benefits of Trees Produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxideTrees are necessary for our survival. Through photosynthesis trees produce the gas that we cannot live without: oxygen (O2). As we breathe in, our bodies take in oxygen and when we breathe out, we release carbon dioxide (CO2). Trees do the opposite. They take in CO2 and release O2. This cleans the air by removing harmful CO2 so that people and animals can breathe.Moderate temperature and rainfall Trees help cool the earth’s tempearature.Trees are like natural air conditioners and water pumps. They cool the earth by giving shade and recycling water. By cooling the air and ground around them, the shade from trees helps cool the earth’s temperature overall. Trees also help moderate the earth’s rainfall, which also helps keep the temperature cooler. If you are at the beach and you come out of the water in a wet bathing suit and lay in the sun, the sun’s heat removes the water from your bathing suit and soon you are dry.T his is called evaporation: when water is removed by heat. Forests help to make sure we get rain. Trees absorb a lot of water from the soil for nourishment. Later, when the sun shines on the trees, water is released from the leaves and absorbed back into the atmosphere – just like the water is absorbed from our bathing suits. When the sun’s energy removes water from the earth’s surface, the water collects into clouds, and when the clouds are heavy with water they release rain back to the earth. Provide food, medicine, shelter and warmthCork used in a cork-board.Every day we use or eat something that has come from a tree. Think about the paper we write on, the pencils we use and the furniture we sit on – they all came from trees. The uses of wood are virtually endless. In addition to being processed into products, trees are also cut down so their wood can be used as fuel to cook food and heat homes. But we don’t always have to cut down a tree to be a ble to make something from it.The rubber that you find on soles of your shoes is made from sap that comes from a type of tree found in Brazil, India, China and Southeast Asia. Cork is the bark of the evergreen cork oak found in the Mediterranean region. Cork has the ability to contract when squeezed and then expand back out again. The evergreen cork  oak is one of the few trees that does not die when its bark is removed.Coconuts on a palm tree.What about the things we eat? How many different fruits or nuts can you think of that come from trees? What about the maple syrup we like to eat on our pancakes? Sap is tapped from the sugar maple to make maple syrup. And did you know that cinnamon comes from the bark of a tree that grows in India?Willow away the pain! The active ingredient in acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) originally came from the bark of a willow tree. There are also many plants that have life-saving properties. About $30 billion is spent every year in Canada on prescripti on and non-prescription drugs that contain active ingredients that come from forests. Illnesses such as malaria, hypertension, heart disease and cancer are all treated with medicines made in part from plants.Support biodiversityForests are communities full of organisms that depend on each other for survival. We call these communities ecosystems. All parts of a forest ecosystem and the interactions between them are needed for the health and well-being of all. Forests offer food, water, shelter and protection for an incredible array of wildlife. The term â€Å"biodiversity† is used to describe the variety of life. This variety is what an ecosystem depends on. It is helpful to think of an ecosystem as a woven carpet; if you pull on a loose thread, it might only affect the thread and those closest to it or it might unravel the whole carpet.

Economic Consequences Of The Black Death - 1471 Words

2. Outline the main short-term and longer-term economic consequences of the Black Death. Which was the most significant? The devastating consequences of the Black Death, which was at its peak between 1346 and 1353, did not cease after the period had ended. The Black Death caused the death of about a third of Europe’s population, with some places, such as Florence losing as much as two thirds of its population. With a smaller population, Europe saw a short-term rise in jobs available for peasants and, with labourers needing to compete to keep the few workers they had, a subsequent rise in their wages. Further, for many peasants and others who did not own land, living conditions improved, as with more housing available, and with more†¦show more content†¦However, each of the short-term and long-term consequences did not occur in isolation. Rather, they occurred one after the other, with each new consequence having been affected by the one before it. It is in this sense, then, that each of the consequences of the Black Death were equally significant in fuelling the change in economy throug hout Europe. 4. What is the â€Å"principle of attachment†? Give two examples of how it functioned in the exploration of the New World. The principle of attachment, as first noted by the historian Anthony Pagden, is able to be identified in many primary sources from the period of exploration. The principle of attachment occurs when a known, understood and believed action is combined with an unknown action that is foreign to the person employing it. This is often done in order to reconcile new actions, or places, with the person’s own beliefs. In the exploration of the New World, the principle of attachment occurred largely due to the concept of ‘otherness’. This is because, the European view of native peoples as uncivilised, bestial, and savage made the use of native techniques unlikely, even when the native methods appeared effective. Instead, the steps in Pagden’s principle of attachment were employed so that explorers could thrive in a new land, while continuing to embody European ideals.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Economic Effects of the Black Plague in England1748 Words   |  7 Pagesma turation of manorial agriculture, and a burgeoning population. Consequently, the fourteenth century spawned war, famine, disease and economic decay, leading to what many historians believe to be the end of the Middle Ages. Although there were many contributing factors such as famine, collapsing institutions and war. Many historians believe the arrival of the Black Death to England in 1348 was the final straw, and the most impactful agent of change in that area. In a letter to his brother, PetrarchRead MoreThe Black Death : The Black Death Of The 14th Century868 Words   |  4 Pagesfall down. This common nursery rhyme had a shockingly darker meaning than people realize, as its based on the Black Death. 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When humans are bitten by a rodent flea, humans usually get the plaque (Plague Homepage | CDC). Nowadays, the plague can be treated by antibiotics easily. However, in the middle of the 14th century, no one knew what caused the disease, and how the disease was transmitted to othersRead MoreEssay on The Black Death1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is impossible to discuss Europe’s history without mentioning the Plague of 1348, also known as the Black Death. The Black Death reached Italian shores in the spring of 1348. The presence of such a plague was enormously devastating making its mark in unprecedented numbers in recorded history. According to records, it is estimated to have killed a third of Europe’s population. The Black Death was caused by bacteria named Yersinia Pestis. This germ was transferred fromRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not The Answer865 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty is a widespread controversial issue. The Criminal Justice System is the real assassin; death is not the answer. It is unconstitutional. It isn t moral to execute humans. The death penalty is a cruel punishment; it treats humans as inanimate objects that are to be toyed with. The death penalty should be outlawed. States that allow the death penalty don t have lower crime rates, so obviously people don t care that death could be their punishment. So what problem is this solvingRead MoreThe Deadly Black Death Plague Of Europe1054 Words   |  5 Pages Background Information  The deadly Black Death plague of Europe arrived in 1346 A.D. , during the middle ages from the Middle East as commonly thought and was also known by other names such as â€Å"the pestilence .â€Å" The infectious deadly bacteria moved rapidly within Europe accounting for approximately 50% of mortality while disseminating northward along major trade routes of ships, lasting until the early 1350’s (Ross, 2015). 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Police brutality is not only a problem within The United States, but a global problem with six other countries participating including Europe, Africa, England, Amsterdam, Ireland and the United Kingdom. In 1991 the brutal beating